To examine the risks posed by the IMO’s Global Fuel Standard (GFS) in promoting unsustainable biofuels, this report analyzes the potential unintended consequences of incentivizing high-emission biofuels in the absence of clear sustainability criteria. It explores the projected rise in biofuel demand within the international shipping sector under GFS, assesses the greenhouse gas impacts of increased biodiesel use, and highlights the potential for adverse climate and environmental outcomes. The report aims to provide policy recommendations that ensure the GFS supports genuinely sustainable decarbonization pathways and avoids triggering deforestation and other land-use emissions.
