To provides analysis, data, and information on the demand, supply, refining, and logistics distribution of petroleum resources. Based on the current data identified, the paper predicts the demand and supply of fuel oil energy resources on land and at sea until 2028 and provides related information. In addition, the outlook for international petroleum-based energy is analysed based on development information on new and renewable energy produced by region, especially in the Middle East and Asia, including China and India.
Sector: Shipping
Biofuels in Shipping
To summarize relevant regulations and current status based on the understanding of characteristics of biofuels for ships and explain factors to be considered when biofuels are used in ships, including characteristics and prospects in terms of biofuel production
Using bio-diesel onboard vessels
To address key issues in related to biofuels used in ships based on the physical and chemical properties of FAME-based biodiesel oil, this study highlights key factors to consider when using marine biofuels on ships and addresses major issues in international regulations concerning exhaust gases generated from combustion and related verification
Recommendations for Design and Operation of Ammonia-Fueled Vessels Basd on Multi-disciplinary Risk Analysis
To understand the risks of using ammonia, including primarily toxicity, onboard fires and explosions and provide the safeguards that can be implemented to reduce them to tolerable levels
Applying Alternative Fuels to Existing Ships (Engine Retrofit Report 2023)
To explore decarbonization through retrofitting existing ships and analyze the price gap between alternative fuels and conventional fuels through forecast scenarios for the application of alternative fuel technologies in ship retrofits
It is worth noting that this report proposes a required carbon tax of $350 per ton of CO2 in order to bridge the price gap between existing marine fuels and the latest eco-friendly alternative fuels, such as methanol and ammonia.
The role of energy efficiency regulations
The characteristics of the EEDI, EEXI, and CII regulations on ship energy efficiency and their practical impact on the maritime industry were analyzed. The role of each stakeholder in achieving the original purpose of these regulations was explained in realistic terms.
In particular, it introduces the positive impact of the EEDI regulation on the development of energy efficiency improvement technologies of ships, the limitations of the EEXI regulation, and the interrelationships between stakeholders for effective implementation of the CII regulation.
Potential of Hydrogen as Fuel for Shipping
To identify the potential for adopting hydrogen as a marine fuel by examining the production capacity, the regulatory landscape, and technologies along with techno-economic analyses and risk-based case studies
Cost of Regulatory Compliance Lower with LNG
To provide information on the impact of alternative fuels choice
Safe Bunkers of Biofuels
To ensure the safe biofuel bunkering of ships at ports, the characteristics that may arise in biofuel bunkering are summarized and explained based on the existing regulations and procedures for conventional marine fuel bunkering.
Taking Action on Operational Efficiency (Operational Efficiency Ambition Statement Actions Report)
To analyze the experience and content of 26 shipping companies introducing 70 measures aimed at improving operational efficiency and reducing GHG emissions.
Based on this, in order to improve ship operation efficiency, the report describes key issues and related cases in which interested organizations, such as ship owners, charterers, management companies, ports, and terminals closely related to ship operation, should cooperate with each other.