European ports unplugged: The state of shore power deployment

To assess the current deployment and operational readiness of onshore power supply (OPS) across EU ports, evaluate technical, grid, financial and regulatory barriers to complying with upcoming EU OPS mandates, analyze OPS operational models tailored to port contexts and vessel segments, and propose actionable policy and investment recommendations to accelerate OPS rollout while ensuring reliable, renewable-powered electricity and costeffective grid reinforcement.